Spitzer Space Telescope - Revision history

Rebull: Rebull moved page Spitzer Space Observatory to Spitzer Space Telescope

2020-07-29T21:23:28Z

Rebull moved page Spitzer Space Observatory to Spitzer Space Telescope

Booker at 01:56, 15 January 2013

2013-01-15T01:56:48Z

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2013-01-12T20:17:44Z

Discoveries

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2013-01-12T20:16:17Z

Discoveries

Booker at 20:14, 12 January 2013

2013-01-12T20:14:48Z

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2013-01-12T20:12:26Z

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2013-01-12T20:11:46Z

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2013-01-12T20:02:44Z

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2013-01-12T20:02:02Z

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2013-01-12T20:01:34Z

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 [Notes from AAS Plenary talk on Spitzer]
 *'''YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS, PROTOPLANETARY & DEBRIS DISKS'''
-Stars form from clouds of gas and dust that begin to gather together do to gravitational attraction. The protostars do not give off significant visible light until they've acquired enough mass and gravity to ignite fusion in their cores. As the collapsing cloud becomes increasingly massive, its gravitational pull also becomes stronger and thus inward pressure increases. Eventually, H-1 in the cloud is compressed to the point that it is moving fast enough and gets close enough for the nuclear strong force to overcome electrostatic repulsion and fusion takes place.
+Stars form from clouds of gas and dust that begin to gather together due to gravitational attraction. The protostars do not give off significant visible light until they've acquired enough mass and gravity to ignite fusion in their cores. As the collapsing cloud becomes increasingly massive, its gravitational pull also becomes stronger and thus inward pressure increases. Eventually, H-1 in the cloud is compressed to the point that it is moving fast enough and gets close enough for the nuclear strong force to overcome electrostatic repulsion and fusion takes place.
 Spitzer has been useful in identifying the location of young stellar objects (YSO's). Because YSO's initially develop behind a thick veil of cosmic dust, most telescopes are blind to the beginning stages of star formation. Whereas stellar dust is opaque to the visible spectrum, it is transparent to infrared and thus, Spitzer can "see" into the cosmic dust into the regions where stars are forming.

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 Spitzer has been useful in identifying the location of young stellar objects (YSO's). Because YSO's initially develop behind a thick veil of cosmic dust, most telescopes are blind to the beginning stages of star formation. Whereas stellar dust is opaque to the visible spectrum, it is transparent to infrared and thus, Spitzer can "see" into the cosmic dust into the regions where stars are forming.
-Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars. Scientists have long wondered how tiny silicate crystals, which need high temperatures to form, have found their way into frozen comets, born in the very cold environment of the Solar System's outer edges. The crystals would have begun as non-crystallized, amorphous silicate particles, part of the mix of gas and dust from which the Solar System developed. This mystery has deepened with the results of the Stardust (spacecraft) sample return mission, which captured particles from Comet Wild 2. Many of the Stardust (spacecraft) particles were found to have formed at temperatures in excess of 1000 K.
+Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's.
 *'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 12 January 2013
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	Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars. Scientists have long wondered how tiny silicate crystals, which need high temperatures to form, have found their way into frozen comets, born in the very cold environment of the Solar System's outer edges. The crystals would have begun as non-crystallized, amorphous silicate particles, part of the mix of gas and dust from which the Solar System developed. This mystery has deepened with the results of the Stardust (spacecraft) sample return mission, which captured particles from Comet Wild 2. Many of the Stardust (spacecraft) particles were found to have formed at temperatures in excess of 1000 K.		Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars. Scientists have long wondered how tiny silicate crystals, which need high temperatures to form, have found their way into frozen comets, born in the very cold environment of the Solar System's outer edges. The crystals would have begun as non-crystallized, amorphous silicate particles, part of the mix of gas and dust from which the Solar System developed. This mystery has deepened with the results of the Stardust (spacecraft) sample return mission, which captured particles from Comet Wild 2. Many of the Stardust (spacecraft) particles were found to have formed at temperatures in excess of 1000 K.
−
−	In May 2009, Spitzer researchers from Germany, Hungary and the Netherlands found that amorphous silicate appears to have been transformed into crystalline form by an outburst from a star. They detected the infrared signature of forsterite silicate crystals on the disk of dust and gas surrounding the star EX Lupi during one of its frequent flare-ups, or outbursts, seen by Spitzer in April 2008. These crystals were not present in Spitzer's previous observations of the star's disk during one of its quiet periods. These crystals appear to have formed by radiative heating of the dust within 0.5 AU of EX Lupi.

	*'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''		*'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 12 January 2013
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	Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars. Scientists have long wondered how tiny silicate crystals, which need high temperatures to form, have found their way into frozen comets, born in the very cold environment of the Solar System's outer edges. The crystals would have begun as non-crystallized, amorphous silicate particles, part of the mix of gas and dust from which the Solar System developed. This mystery has deepened with the results of the Stardust (spacecraft) sample return mission, which captured particles from Comet Wild 2. Many of the Stardust (spacecraft) particles were found to have formed at temperatures in excess of 1000 K.		Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars. Scientists have long wondered how tiny silicate crystals, which need high temperatures to form, have found their way into frozen comets, born in the very cold environment of the Solar System's outer edges. The crystals would have begun as non-crystallized, amorphous silicate particles, part of the mix of gas and dust from which the Solar System developed. This mystery has deepened with the results of the Stardust (spacecraft) sample return mission, which captured particles from Comet Wild 2. Many of the Stardust (spacecraft) particles were found to have formed at temperatures in excess of 1000 K.
		+
		+	In May 2009, Spitzer researchers from Germany, Hungary and the Netherlands found that amorphous silicate appears to have been transformed into crystalline form by an outburst from a star. They detected the infrared signature of forsterite silicate crystals on the disk of dust and gas surrounding the star EX Lupi during one of its frequent flare-ups, or outbursts, seen by Spitzer in April 2008. These crystals were not present in Spitzer's previous observations of the star's disk during one of its quiet periods. These crystals appear to have formed by radiative heating of the dust within 0.5 AU of EX Lupi.

	*'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''		*'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''

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 *'''EXOPLANETS'''
-Spitzer was the first telescope to directly capture light from an exoplanet. Before Spitzer's observation in 2005 of the  In "hot Jupiters" HD 209458b and TrES-1, all observations of exoplanets had been indirectly made from the light given off by the stars the planets were orbiting. In addition to confirming exoplanets found from Kepler and other data, data from Spitzer has been helpful in characterizing exoplanets. For example, with Spitzer data scientists have been able to measure the day versus night temperature differences of exoplanets, calculate the longitudinal heat distribution of the planet, characterize the advection of hot spots by wind on exoplanets, and identify molecules and unusual compositions in the atmospheres of exoplanets.
+Spitzer was the first telescope to directly capture light from an exoplanet. Before Spitzer's observation in 2005 of the "hot Jupiters" HD 209458b and TrES-1, all observations of exoplanets had been indirectly made from the light given off by the stars the planets were orbiting. In addition to confirming exoplanets found from Kepler and other data, data from Spitzer has been helpful in characterizing exoplanets. For example, with Spitzer data scientists have been able to measure the day versus night temperature differences of exoplanets, calculate the longitudinal heat distribution of the planet, characterize the advection of hot spots by wind on exoplanets, and identify molecules and unusual compositions in the atmospheres of exoplanets.
 ==References==
 *[http://http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/| NASA Spitzer Space Telescope]
 *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope| Wikipedia: Spitzer Space Telescope]

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:23, 29 July 2020
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 Spitzer has been very useful in mapping the cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation from the very early universe. Around fifty percent of the overall energy emitted by galaxies are in the infrared range.
-Data from Spitzer (in tandem with Hubble) has allowed scientists to "see" very distant galaxies with CIB with cosmological redshifts of z values greater than six (z>6). This is enabling scientists to observe the very early universe.
+Data from Spitzer (in tandem with Hubble) has allowed scientists to "see" very distant galaxies with cosmological redshifts of z values greater than six (z>6). This is enabling scientists to observe the very early universe.
 *'''EXOPLANETS'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:02, 12 January 2013
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	Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars [why is this notable?]		Spitzer data has been used in detailed studies of large population of YSO's. The result of these studies have been an increased understanding of: how young stars are forming, how to classify protostars, how long the stages of star formation last, and the efficiency of star formation in various regions. Spectroscopy has led to an understanding of the make-up of YSO's. Of note is the finding that crystalline silicates are common in young stars [why is this notable?]
−

	*'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''		*'''DISTANT GALAXIES'''