C-WAYS: follow the bouncing target selection

Stuff in prep for 1/20/12 telecon

OK, so at the AAS we talked about LDN 1548 as a viable option. It had, we thought, good potential for yielding new young stars, it was (in projected distance) near Taurus, it has the potential for being actually related to the Taurus Molecular Cloud (and thus of scientific interest). It also has SDSS data in the archive, so that's a strong plus -- more data will help us weed out the contaminants.

BUT.

I just went and got the whole WISE tile. It's REALLY diffuse star formation, MUCH worse than I remembered. I mean, bad enough that I went and checked the coordinates. More than once. This is what I see. There is not a lot here, and there is going to be a TON of contamination:

I've gone back to my Taurus collaborators to figure out why we thought there was something interesting there.

But that probably drops us back at the beginning in terms of target selection, sigh. Sorry. But, this is real science, and I (honest-to-God) do NOT know the answer before we get into this. This is the real thing, folks.

The approach we talked about will be the same; we just need to find a better target.

So.

I decided to go resurrect some of the other regions that were under consideration. They were:

• LDN 1548- really diffuse and un-dramatic in WISE. sigh.
• "north of LDN 1509" -- Wilson had that in his poster, and that too is really diffuse star formation, so contamination is going to be high. But at least likely to yield more YSO candidates than LDN 1548 as far as I can tell. ON the other hand, Wilson wants to do that region! :)
• NGC 1579 -- still near (in projected distance) to Taurus - see fig 2 in the Taurus paper. It has high nebulosity in parts. There are famous objects here. Spitzer data too. A friend has an AAS abstract from 2007 claiming results with Spitzer, but there is no paper from it. I don't want to scoop him. Also potentially complicated data reduction. Probably not a good target.
• Continuing the BRC27/34 work begun by the 2011 team. BRC 34 is not in the data that are public right now, but BRC 27 is, and it is also part of a region of star formation in CMa that another friend was thinking about working on, but was willing to let it go. I don't think that you guys could handle the huge multi-degree span (read: millions of sources) that this thing really covers, but maybe working just around BRC 27, and BRC 34 since it will be available in March, is tractable? It is nice to have Spitzer for comparison (for a lesson in spatial resolution). BRC 27 is right on the border between two WISE tiles, so I can't make a pretty 3-color image for you. You kind of have to trust me ('cause you know, I've been so good at that so far) that this is an interesting region. In this eyeball-wrenching image, I did red as one WISE tile, green as the other WISE tile, and blue as the Spitzer data. You can see that the cloud clearly extends beyond the Spitzer boundaries. We'd have to decide how far out to search.

• Other BRC options - we had considered BRC 31, 36, 38. BRC 31 is already thoroughly done (Rebull et al. 2011). BRC 34 (which the 2011 group did), BRC 36 and BRC 38 are all close to IC1396, another region I'm studying with another project. BRC 36 is in the region likely to be done to death. Our notes from a year ago say that the Spitzer data for BRC 38 are done, but I can't find the paper. We could start again from the entire BRC list and sort again? See figure below for context. The big square is someone else's (published) thesis data. The big blobby thing next to BRC 36 is this, also done to death. We are also monitoring this region for changes in the stars. But BRC 38 may be a good one, or the larger context around BRC 34 or 38 (with WISE) would also work. (see also this)

• Other LDN options:
  • Babar, who you have not yet met, has also suggested the following. He has Spitzer data on a few Lynds dark clouds. LDN 65 is in the WISE public release but is likely a sterile (no YSOs) cloud. The other two LDN 877 and LDN 885 do not have WISE data released yet but they are likely more promising. I've seen some of his Spitzer data, and they do look promising.
  • I had a NITARP team a previous year that had to find a Lynds cloud that was likely to harbor YSOs, not well-studied, and not yet observed with Spitzer. Not an easy proposition. Lynds Target Selection is from early that year when we were trying to settle on a target. That year, in the end, we picked LDN 425 and 981. I don't think we found any reasonable YSOs -- just AGN. The targets we rejected that year were LDN 951, LDN 1143, LDN 1598, and LDN 1685. See the Lynds Target Selection page, near the bottom, for summary and images.
  • Summary of several LDN choices, then:
    • LDN 65 - Babar has Spitzer data, now available in WISE, unlikely to harbor YSOs.
    • LDN 425 - 1 IRAS source, 1 known YSO here, picked for NITARP team before, spitzer data exist, now available in WISE, most likely no YSOs.
    • LDN 877 - Babar has Spitzer data, not yet available in WISE, possible YSOs.
    • LDN 881 - Babar has Spitzer data, not yet available in WISE, possible YSOs.
    • LDN 951 - two submm starless cores here (rejected as prior target), no Spitzer data, not yet available in WISE, linear intriguing shape in POSS.
    • LDN 981 - V1331 Cyg (famous object) at end of one of filaments; picked for NITARP team before, spitzer data exist, not yet available in WISE, probably no YSOs. But with WISE, can cover larger region than we did before, FWIW.
    • LDN 1143 - 1 IRAS source, 1 known YSO here, 1 "very red object" (YSO?), sort of a checkmark shape in POSS (rejected as prior target), no Spitzer data, not yet available in WISE.
    • LDN 1340 - considered as target before, dropped so as not to scoop someone who has since retired from astronomy without completing this project. Spitzer data here, WISE data available now and they look interesting, we could do both Spitzer+WISE data here. Would have to scrape literature to be sure we understand what has been done before -- simbad has 17 refs, so not ridiculous. image(s) on Lynds target selection page from that year, midway through the page.
    • LDN 1598 - 19 refs in SIMBAD, part of Lambda Ori complex; also IRAS 05496+0812, also WB89 718, also HH 117 VLA 1 (so clearly several people have looked here before). no Spitzer data here (I don't think), WISE data available but tile clobbered by insanely bright star nearby. Nebulous. Unclear from image if this is a good plan or not.
    • LDN 1685 - 10 references in SIMBAD, IRAS source, diaphanous in POSS, now available in WISE - fuzzy with some bright sources. Hm. possibly interesting, but also dispersed SF here.
    • OR... start with the whole LDN list and sort again ....?

So, from where I sit, at the moment anyway, I think maybe following up the BRCs (WISE mostly, leveraging off Spitzer from last year's team), or LDN 1340 (we'd do Spitzer+WISE).

Additional contributions from the peanut gallery -

• berkeley 59 interesting cluster, also has footprint from same GTO program "BRC 3"
• NGC 281 interesting cluster, also has Jeff Hester, Scott Wolk warm data, plus a single GTO pointing.

Stuff resulting from 1/20/12 telecon

So, we are trying to decide between LDN 1340 and following up on the work from last year's NITARP team, BRC 27+34, with an option to include another BRC if we blow through them fast.

Table of properties.

property	BRC 27/34 (+other?)	LDN 1340
which kind of data would we use?	WISE data around the Spitzer footprint covered by the other team. The WISE data will be newly released. If we choose to do an additional BRC, we'd get into the Spitzer data there too. We'd combine with 2MASS and AKARI and anything else we can find.	Spitzer data, probably - it already exists (taken in 2009, more recent than I recalled), and hasn't been published yet. We'd combine with 2MASS and AKARI and anything else we can find.
Who 'owns' the existing data?	BRC small footprints are originally Lori Allen's and Rob Gutermuth's, but they are looking at the ensemble of BRCs for their statistical properties, not particularly caring about individual objects. Data are old enough that they are now public. No one 'owns' the WISE data.	LDN 1340's IRAC data were originally JoAnn O'Linger's. Have sent email inquiry. Data are now public; have been for some time, so technically no one 'owns' it now.
What are we looking for, and how?	We are using infrared excess to look for new young stars, and describing the properties of the already-identified young stars, in these regions. I know they're there, because last year's group found them (both kinds).	We are using infrared excess to look for new young stars, and describing the properties of the already-identified young stars, in this region. We are pretty sure that previously known ones are here. It is likely new ones are too, but I am less absolutely certain we will find them.
Implications for publishing?	We could either combine with the results from the gang that just finished, or make our own paper. I don't know which would be better. This is an extension of their work, though, so it would make sense to combine it. There are also reasons (as Mark mentioned) for publishing sooner, to say nothing of my own instincts to "do it to completion" before publishing (which has tripped me up before).	We will probably have a publishable paper.
how big is the region?	The original BRC footprints are ~5 arcmin on a side. We'd go probably ~10 more arcminutes out, radially.	The LDN IRAC map is ~0.7 deg on a side.
Difficulty of data reduction/manipulation? images	images are small, and should easily load into your windows machines. not a lot of very bright stars.	image is BIG and might give you trouble if you don't have enough RAM. some very bright stars, could make reduction tricky.
Difficulty of data reduction? photometry	We'd use the WISE catalogs, but do lots of sanity checks to be sure that these automatically-produced things are telling us sensible things. If we picked a new BRC to continue, I'd make you do a bunch of Spitzer photometry, but I'd still do the lion's share because I can automate it.	I'd make you do a WHOLE TON of Spitzer photometry, but I'd still do the lion's share because I can automate it.
Possibility of ground-based followup?	BRC 27 is at -11 deg declination, BRC 34 is at +58. Both already have Haleakala data 'in the can'; we could get more to go out further. Other BRCs we could pick from would also be accessible from LCOGT since they have N and S telescopes.	LDN 1340 is at +72. We'd have to go get the Haleakala data, and it's kind of a big region.
Timing of ground-based followup?	'Observing constraints'	babar to fill in
Original discovery papers?	BRCs: Sugitani K., Fukui Y., Ogura K., 1991, ApJS, 77, 59. Nice approach of combining two large surveys -- POSS and IRAS; nice clear discussion of weed-down process. Second half of paper (detailed analysis of IRAS colors, etc.) obsolete but has same essence as what we do now. (paper should be free from journal)	LDN: Lynds, B., 1962, ApJS, 7, 1 In the 1960s, Beverly Lynds studied the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS) plates and made a list of things she thought were bright or dark nebulae. These of course were subjective judgements, but they are often pretty, and often forming stars. (paper should be free from journal)
Lit search?	BRC team last year did BRC 27, 34. final list of papers is here -- note that that was in the order we discussed them, not chronological order of publishing. Punchline: 1 previous study in BRC 34, several in BRC 27; BRC team did most of coordinate sorting in BRC 27, and you will still have to do some, because they quit outside of the IRAC footprint.	LDN 1340 - i have not worked here before. Simbad has 17 references. need to comb through them, find out what is known.
'teachable moment' potential?	we will spend a LOT of time staring at WISE images. in this case, we have a little Spitzer data over part of the region. We will be able to instantly and vividly compare the relative spatial resolutions of these images, and be able to talk about why these missions were designed this way, and their strengths and weaknesses	we would have to deliberately go find the WISE images for this one for the same effect. it's there, but you won't be as enmeshed in the process, because you won't be relying on the WISE data for anything.
images	see our poster or [|this wise close-up of brc27] and [|this large field view]. (small blue box is BRC 27 in both cases -- large field view is more than we would do.)	to come.
what, physically, is going on?	OBA stars nearby, pushing gas and dust around, likely prompting star formation in the comet-shaped dark globules	not sure, i gotta read the literature! JD, Babar, if you get there first....

ACTION ITEMS for next week: start a lit search for both these regions. see if you can add to the pros/cons list above. look at the objects as they appear in other bands (e.g., POSS from Skyview). Post a summary of what you find below ("Stuff in prep for 1/27 telecon"). Add your signature if the context seems appropriate, so we know who said what and when!

UPDATED via email Fri, 20 Jan 2012 20:06:58 (PST), from Luisa: the decision is kind of made for us! The LDN 1340 data is being done already. sigh. SOooooo unless there are major objections, i think that we should go for the BRCs. i think they will be useful, fun, and interesting! if what was appealing to you about LDN 1340 was that you would work with spitzer data, we can do one of the other BRC footprints in addition to the wise environment of BRC 34 and BRC 27.

i will leave the stuff i put on the wiki there for now, except obviously the column marked "ldn 1340" isn't relevant anymore. it does still summarize the wide ranging conversation of today.

So, *revised* ACTION ITEMS for next week:

• if you have aforementioned 'major objections', assemble your objections (and probably email them around)
• read at least the BRC team's proposal from last year and this year's proposal guidelines: http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/teacher_research/r5-brc/brcproposal.pdf and http://coolwiki.ipac.caltech.edu/index.php/2012_proposal_instructions
• start on a literature search for brc38. last year's notes said it's already done with spitzer, but is it really? UPDATE: YES -- SEE BELOW FROM DEBBIE.
• start to think about what we will say in our proposal. doing a continuation of the BRCs makes the proposal writing easier in some ways because we have the good example of last year's proposal, but harder in other ways, because we SHOULD NOT copy the text verbatim, unless we want to include all of those teachers as authors on this year's project. (not advisable - we are already a large group! :) )

Post a summary of anything relevant you find below ("Stuff in prep for 1/27 telecon"). Add your signature if the context seems appropriate, so we know who said what and when!

Action items for Luisa:

• i will reassemble, reorder, and sort the brc spring work reference list ... knowing what we know now, i can be more helpful in guiding what we should talk about and what we can skip.
• i will assemble a list of all the other BRCs with tiny IRAC footprints to see if there are any others we should consider doing. - DONE 9:45pm Monday Jan 23, LMR. see below.

Stuff in prep for 1/27/12 telecon

SFO 38

Below is an attachment for a paper on BRC SFO 38. Page 25 has spectral energy distributions in MIR11, 29, 31, 34, 36, 38, 45, 48, 50, 54, 55, 59, 82, 86. (I'm guessing this stands for Mid-infrared and the number stands for microns--please edit mercilessly here!)

File:BRC SFO 38.PDF

The coordinates for BRC 38 are 24h39m10.3s +58:02:29. The SkyView image doesn't look very exciting, but the images in the above paper are pretty snazzy.

--French 07:43, 23 January 2012 (PST)

AH ! Good, so it *IS* really done -- that paper analyzes the Spitzer data. Phew. it always makes me feel better when the notes from a year ago are actually correct. ;) (i couldn't find that paper when i did a quick search the other day -- just shows you the fallibility of these various paper archives, and how you need to search in multiple ways to be sure you have all or most of the relevant papers!) --Rebull 15:19, 23 January 2012 (PST)

I find two hits related to BRC 38, Search for triggered star formation in the unique bright rimmed cloud 4, Garmire & Gordon which appears to be a Chandra Proposal, they say BRC 38 = IC 1396N for what its worth. There is also the radiotelescope H{2}O maser emission from bright rimmed clouds in the northern hemisphere, Valdettaro, R.; Palla, F.; Brand, J.; Cesaroni, R. I have not read either yet.--Peggy Piper 08:13, 26 January 2012 (PST)

Yep, you're right -- BRC 38 is in the IC1396/Trumpler 37 complex -- see my updated POSS figure above. There are a ridiculous number of these BRC guys in this complex; another approach that could be taken by someone approaching the archive looking for a project is to do all of the BRCs in this IC1396/Trumpler 37 complex, using WISE to help tie them together. I think this is a bigger project than we can realistically do, though. --Rebull 09:10, 26 January 2012 (PST)

BRC 3

I looked through ADS, and found no references that seemed relevant to either BRC 3 or SFO 3. Has anyone else been looking in ADS? My confidence level for researching the literature isn't great right now, so I'm sort of trying to gauge my abilities. If someone else has found literature on BRC 3 in ADS, please post what you found. Lauren Wed. 25th January 5 PM PST at 5 PM PST.

Other BRCs

the GTO programs from which we pulled IRAC data last time looked at the following BRCs, and there may be more; i didn't do a comprehensive search yet to look for more from these guys (this is original gto program 202 and a cy 3 GTO program 30050). (NB on coordinates: I didn't get these coordinates from the original BRC/SFO paper ... I got them from the targets of the IRAC observations. So I cheated a little.) : brc#

• 1 -- 23h59m25.78s +67d23m42.0s near IRAS 23568+6706, Chauhan et al 2009 comes up as a reference. check this to see how much they did (they weren't terribly complete with brc27)
• 3 -- 0h5m24.45s +67d17m42.2s near IRAS 00027+6700 this may be a good one. no other obs come up nearby in spitzer, not a lot of refs in simbad. not sure where this is, though.
• 4 -- 0h59m9.84s +60d53m37.5s near ic 59. this may be a good one. a handful of other small footprints in the region. not sure where this is, though. Additional Information -- oooh, its pretty -- pretty, btu the spitzer data have VERY bright nebulosity, so will be hard to reduce
• 16 -- 5h19m49.13s -5d52m5.1s near hh 240/241 in LDN 1634, 90 references in simbad. Orion. chances are excellent done to death. (Megeath et al)
• 17 -- 5h31m28.39s +12d5m22.6s near IRAS 05286+1203, i think also in orion. (Megeath et al)
• 19 -- 5h34m30.95s -2d58m15.7s near IRAS 05320-0300, i think also in orion. (megeath et al)
• 20 -- 5h38m4.73s -1d45m11.0s - near orion most likely given the ones near this in the list. (megeath et al.) ah. very near sigma ori, in fact.
• 21 -- 5h39m41.62s -3d37m12.9s near IRAS 05371-0338. hm. i think also in orion. (megeath et al, pretty sure)
• 22 -- 5h38m25.83s -5d13m48.5s hm. i think also in orion. (megeath et al, pretty sure)
• 25 -- 6h41m3.56s +10d14m59.8s NGC 2264 - done to death - cieza et al.
• 26 -- 7h3m47.33s -11d45m45.7s - this might be a good one - not a lot of spitzer hits nearby. not a lot of literature either. where is this? Additional Information
• 27 -- one of our targets, 7h3m58.88s -11d23m9.1s - CMA region; not yet done to death!
• 31 -- in the north america nebula, thoroughly done even if not these data in particular; rebull etal. 2011, guieu et al. 2009.
• 32 -- 21h32m23.67s +57d24m11.4s - near brc33 - near IRAS 21308+5710 - another ic1396/Trumpler 37 - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 33 -- 21h33m12.15s +57d29m37.1s - near IRAS 21308+5710 - another ic1396/Trumpler 37 - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 34 -- one of our targets, 21h33m31.90s +58d4m32.9s, ic1396 region; not yet done to death!
• 35 -- 21h36m5.36s +58d31m42.0s - probably another ic1396 complex one. - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 36 -- 21h36m12.25s +57d27m37.2s - ic1396/Tr37 region, done already- these specific data, maybe not, but probably part of Sicilia-Aguilar's thesis (2005?), and probably in the region monitored by YSOVAR. done to death. - see new and improved POSS map above
• 38 -- ic1396 region, spitzer data done already, Choudhury et al. 2010. Could still do the environs in WISE (as we are planning for brc 27/34) because i don't think any other spitzer data are near here that would have done this region 'by accident'. - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 39 -- 21h46m6.79s +57d26m26.4s - Tr37 - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 40 -- 21h46m14.60s +57d9m2.0s - Tr37 - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 41 -- 21h46m29.18s +57d18m44.2s - Tr37 - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 42 -- 21h46m36.84s +57d12m28.4s - Tr37 - see new and improved POSS map above - could do this with the other Tr37 ones all together.
• 48 -- 7h34m24.83s -46d54m7.7s - cg4! done in rebull et al. 2011b
• 50 -- 7h40m28.74s -43d6m18.4s - near IRAS 07388-4259 - Vela shell - very far south.
• 54 -- 8h35m32.05s -40d38m28.9s - this may be a good one. a few other small footprints come up nearby in spitzer, not a lot of refs in simbad. very far south. Gum neb?? in dutra and bica paper. see fig below.
• 55 -- 8h41m13.28s -40d52m3.2s - in a GLIMPSE stripe - Gum neb?? - too crowded? - very far south. see fig below.
• 56 -- 8h42m59.77s -39d59m55.9s - in a GLIMPSE stripe - Gum neb?? - too crowded? - very far south. see fig below.
• 57 -- 8h44m8.06s -41d16m15.0s - very close to 58. - Gum Neb?? - in a GLIMPSE stripe - very far south. very bright i4, tough to process. see fig below.
• 58 -- 8h45m25.81s -41d16m3.3s - Gum Neb?? - in a GLIMPSE stripe - very far south. very bright i4, tough to process.
• 74 -- 14h19m41.75s -61d25m17.9s - in a GLIMPSE stripe.

So, one approach we could take is all of the BRCs in a region (e.g., ic1396/Tr37 region, or Gum nebula region), but this seems like biting off more than we can chew.

We could do brc 27+24 plus one other, i think, if y'all are motivated. Just need to pick the 3rd. Could be another one in the Tr37 region, or one of the ones tagged "maybe a good target" above.

Stuff to discuss at the 1/27/12 telecon

We are doing the environs of BRC 27 and 34 with WISE. Do we need a 3rd region to chew on this year? It would probably mean getting into Spitzer data reduction, which is a little different than what we'd need for WISE. If we want to do a 3rd, we need to decide among the winnowed BRC fields above.

We also need to start making forward motion on the proposal, which means more literature searching and reading (using ADS and SIMBAD). There is also interest in finding out, e.g., if these BRCs are also within Lynds clouds (they very well might be). This means searching in SIMBAD.

---

Table 3 of Morgan et al. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 408, 157-169 identifies candidates for triggered star-formation in the SFO BRCs. Their list is SFO 1, 5, 7, 11E, 12, 13, 14, 25, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44]. The argument is summarized in the abstract as follows:

"These observations confirm the presence of dense gas towards IRAS point sources detected at submillimetre wavelengths. Derived physical properties allow us to refine the sample of bright-rimmed clouds into those likely to be sites of star formation, triggered via the process of radiatively driven implosion. An investigation of the physical properties of our sources shows that triggered sources are host to greater turbulent velocity dispersions, likely indicative of shock motions within the cloud material. These may be attributed to the passage of triggered shocks or simply the association of outflow activity with the sources."

--Ali 13:31, 27 January 2012 (PST)

Results of 1/27/12 telecon

Promised summary of discussion, assignments, plus tips and hints.

-> we will say in the proposal we will look for new young stars using WISE in the environment of these three BRCs: 27, 34, and 38. the Spitzer data for 27+34 was done by last year's NITARP team the Spitzer data for 38 is in the literature ... and the words we'll use is that we will assess the data reduction in the literature and redo it if necessary. in practice, this means when we get to june/july, if you want to get into the spitzer photometry, we will cover it during our summer visit. or if the group thinks they have plenty to do with just the WISE stuff, that's ok too.

OK, so our thee targets, with positions, are:

• BRC 27 -- 07:03:39 -11:23:09
• BRC 34 -- 21:33:32 +58:04:33
• BRC 38 -- 21:40:42 +58:16:13

Continued on C-WAYS Proposal page, since now the next steps are proposal writing! :)